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51.
Algae are ubiquitous in the marine environment, and the ways in which they interact with bacteria are of particular interest in the field of marine ecology. The interactions between primary producers and bacteria impact the physiology of both partners, alter the chemistry of their environment, and shape microbial diversity. Although algal-bacterial interactions are well known and studied, information regarding the chemical-ecological role of this relationship remains limited, particularly with respect to quorum sensing (QS), which is a system of stimuli and response correlated to population density. In the microbial biosphere, QS is pivotal in driving community structure and regulating behavioral ecology, including biofilm formation, virulence, antibiotic resistance, swarming motility, and secondary metabolite production. Many marine habitats, such as the phycosphere, harbor diverse populations of microorganisms and various signal languages (such as QS-based autoinducers). QS-mediated interactions widely influence algal-bacterial symbiotic relationships, which in turn determine community organization, population structure, and ecosystem functioning. Understanding infochemicals-mediated ecological processes may shed light on the symbiotic interactions between algae host and associated microbes. In this review, we summarize current achievements about how QS modulates microbial behavior, affects symbiotic relationships, and regulates phytoplankton chemical-ecological processes. Additionally, we present an overview of QS-modulated co-evolutionary relationships between algae and bacterioplankton, and consider the potential applications and future perspectives of QS. 相似文献
52.
Fisetin provides antidepressant effects by activating the tropomyosin receptor kinase B signal pathway in mice 下载免费PDF全文
Yamin Wang Bin Wang Jiaqi Lu Haixia Shi Siyi Gong Yufan Wang Ronald C. Hamdy Balvin H. L. Chua Lingli Yang Xingshun Xu 《Journal of neurochemistry》2017,143(5):561-568
53.
Cheng MF 《Hormones and behavior》2008,53(1):1-10
As research neurobiologists, we pursue specific questions, and the answers rendered are also correspondingly specific. Our goal, however, is to understand an entire system or the whole organism. To that end, it is not only useful, but sometimes also necessary, that we periodically reappraise a body of specific data in light of current knowledge of the field at large. In this spirit, the present paper reviews my work on the neural and hormonal mechanisms underlying the reproductive system of ring doves and others' studies of songbirds. By integrating these fields I then advance the concept that inherent in the avian breeding system is the mechanism of "state-reading" (a term fashioned after "mindreading", which was coined by cognitive neuroscientists). State-reading helps to coordinate a sequence of endocrine and behavioral events to realize a desired objective, in this case, successful reproduction. 相似文献
54.
Central pattern generators for social vocalization: androgen-dependent neurophysiological mechanisms
Historically, most studies of vertebrate central pattern generators (CPGs) have focused on mechanisms for locomotion and respiration. Here, we highlight new results for ectothermic vertebrates, namely teleost fish and amphibians, showing how androgenic steroids can influence the temporal patterning of CPGs for social vocalization. Investigations of vocalizing teleosts show how androgens can rapidly (within minutes) modulate the neurophysiological output of the vocal CPG (fictive vocalizations that mimic the temporal properties of natural vocalizations) inclusive of their divergent actions between species, as well as intraspecific differences between male reproductive morphs. Studies of anuran amphibians (frogs) demonstrate that long-term steroid treatments (wks) can masculinize the fictive vocalizations of females, inclusive of its sensitivity to rapid modulation by serotonin. Given the conserved organization of vocal control systems across vertebrate groups, the vocal CPGs of fish and amphibians provide tractable models for identifying androgen-dependent events that are fundamental to the mechanisms of vocal motor patterning. These basic mechanisms can also inform our understanding of the more complex CPGs for vocalization, and social behaviors in general, that have evolved among birds and mammals. 相似文献
55.
Cory T. Miller Kaylin Beck Brooke Meade Xiaoqin Wang 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2009,195(8):783-789
Studies of primate vocal communication systems have generally focused on vocalizations and the information they convey to
conspecifics. But the vocalizations are not the only sources of information. Aspects of each species vocal behaviors are likely
to be communicatively rich as well. During vocal interactions, for example, the latency delay between the calls could communicate
an important message to the signal receiver, such as an interest and willingness to socialize. Here we employed novel, interactive
playback software to address this issue in the antiphonal calling behavior of common marmosets. In these experiments, we parametrically
varied the latency delay of antiphonal call stimuli and measured its effects on subjects’ resultant vocal behavior. Results
showed that marmosets produced successively fewer antiphonal call responses during test conditions with increasing latency
delays. Moreover, although subjects produced significantly more antiphonal than spontaneous calls in conditions with antiphonal
call timing delays up to 9 s, a longer delay resulted in a significant decline in calling. These data suggest that antiphonal
call timing is a salient cue for maintaining antiphonal calling interactions and may be used by marmosets to determine whether
a subsequent call is produced in response to or independently of their own. 相似文献
56.
为探讨人工补食条件下川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)的友好行为因补食产生的影响,2007年1~9月,采用行为取样法、扫描取样法和全事件记录法对湖北神农架自然保护区大龙潭投食猴群的友好行为进行了观察.共记录到11种友好行为,发生频次居前的是理毛、张嘴、拥抱、游戏、趋近.友好行为的发起者和承受者在性别间差异均不显著,但在年龄间差异均显著.在一雄多雌单元内发起者按次数多少为成年、少年、青年、亚成年猴,承受者的顺序亦如此.在全雄单元内发起者按次数多少为成年、少年、亚成年、青年猴,承受者的顺序亦如此.友好行为在单元内和单元间差异显著,单元内多于单元间.这在一定程度上说明川金丝猴社会单元内个体间的关系紧密,单元间的关系相对疏远.友好行为在繁殖和非繁殖季节差异不显著. 相似文献
57.
Bruna Martins Bezerra Antonio da Silva Souto Maria Adélia Borstelmann de Oliveira Lewis George Halsey 《Primates; journal of primatology》2009,50(3):231-237
The vocalisations of wild common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, were recorded to investigate whether call rate by individuals is affected by time of day, age, sex or dominance rank within
a group. We also investigated how vocalisation pitch was affected by age, focussing on a single common call, the trill call.
Adults vocalised more than juveniles or infants during the majority of daylight hours. Only the call rate of juveniles varied
significantly over the day. No differences were found between either sex or dominance rank with respect to rate of vocalisations.
The trill calls emitted by young wild common marmosets were of a higher pitch than those emitted by adults. We conclude that
the auditory communication of wild common marmosets is related to the age of the animals, both in terms of call rate and the
physical characteristics of their vocalisations. 相似文献
58.
Serge A. Wich Karyl B. Swartz Madeleine E. Hardus Adriano R. Lameira Erin Stromberg Robert W. Shumaker 《Primates; journal of primatology》2009,50(1):56-64
The capacity of nonhuman primates to actively modify the acoustic structure of existing sounds or vocalizations in their repertoire
appears limited. Several studies have reported population or community differences in the acoustical structure of nonhuman
primate long distance calls and have suggested vocal learning as a mechanism for explaining such variation. In addition, recent
studies on great apes have indicated that there are repertoire differences between populations. Some populations have sounds
in their repertoire that others have not. These differences have also been suggested to be the result of vocal learning. On
yet another level great apes can, after extensive human training, also learn some species atypical vocalizations. Here we
show a new aspect of great ape vocal learning by providing data that an orangutan has spontaneously (without any training)
acquired a human whistle and can modulate the duration and number of whistles to copy a human model. This might indicate that
the learning capacities of great apes in the auditory domain might be more flexible than hitherto assumed.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
59.
60.
Ingxin Choong Louis Saint‐Amant Shawn M. Sprague Hiromi Hirata Wilson W. Cui Richard I. Hume John Y. Kuwada 《Developmental neurobiology》2010,70(7):508-522
A screen for zebrafish motor mutants identified two noncomplementing alleles of a recessive mutation that were named non‐active (navmi89 and navmi130). nav embryos displayed diminished spontaneous and touch‐evoked escape behaviors during the first 3 days of development. Genetic mapping identified the gene encoding NaV1.6a (scn8aa) as a potential candidate for nav. Subsequent cloning of scn8aa from the two alleles of nav uncovered two missense mutations in NaV1.6a that eliminated channel activity when assayed heterologously. Furthermore, the injection of RNA encoding wild‐type scn8aa rescued the nav mutant phenotype indicating that scn8aa was the causative gene of nav. In‐vivo electrophysiological analysis of the touch‐evoked escape circuit indicated that voltage‐dependent inward current was decreased in mechanosensory neurons in mutants, but they were able to fire action potentials. Furthermore, tactile stimulation of mutants activated some neurons downstream of mechanosensory neurons but failed to activate the swim locomotor circuit in accord with the behavioral response of initial escape contractions but no swimming. Thus, mutant mechanosensory neurons appeared to respond to tactile stimulation but failed to initiate swimming. Interestingly fictive swimming could be initiated pharmacologically suggesting that a swim circuit was present in mutants. These results suggested that NaV1.6a was required for touch‐induced activation of the swim locomotor network. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70:508–522, 2010 相似文献